Перевод и анализ слов искусственным интеллектом ChatGPT
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- варианты перевода слова
- примеры употребления (несколько фраз с переводом)
- этимология
Что (кто) такое neutral density filter - определение
.jpg?width=200 "Stacked cases of Cokin filters.")
![A [[Cokin]] 3-stop (ND8) graduated ND filter.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gradndfilter.jpg?width=200 "A [[Cokin]] 3-stop (ND8) graduated ND filter.")
![The 80A filter, mainly used to correct for the excessive redness of [[tungsten]] lighting, can also be used to oversaturate scenes that already have blue. The photo on the left was shot with a polarizer, while the one on the right was shot with a polarizer and an 80A filter.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/80a comparison.jpg?width=200 "The 80A filter, mainly used to correct for the excessive redness of [[tungsten]] lighting, can also be used to oversaturate scenes that already have blue. The photo on the left was shot with a polarizer, while the one on the right was shot with a polarizer and an 80A filter.")
![The ''LOMO effect'' imitates photos made with a low-cost Russian camera brand, named "LOMO". It is approximated by saturated central colors, blurred periphery, and darkened corners and edges ([[vignetting]]).}} effect.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Verblühende Sauerkirsche.jpg?width=200 "The ''LOMO effect'' imitates photos made with a low-cost Russian camera brand, named \"LOMO\". It is approximated by saturated central colors, blurred periphery, and darkened corners and edges ([[vignetting]]).}} effect.")
.svg?width=200 "The frequency response of a fourth-order elliptic low-pass filter with '''ε''' = 0.5 and '''ξ''' = 1.05. Also shown are the minimum gain in the passband and the maximum gain in the stopband, and the transition region between normalized frequency 1 and '''ξ'''")
.svg?width=200 "A closeup of the transition region of the above plot.")
![Log of the absolute value of the gain of an 8th order elliptic filter in [[complex frequency space]] (s = σ + jω) with ε = 0.5, ξ = 1.05 and ω<sub>0</sub> = 1. The white spots are poles and the black spots are zeroes. There are a total of 16 poles and 8 double zeroes. What appears to be a single pole and zero near the transition region is actually four poles and two double zeroes as shown in the expanded view below. In this image, black corresponds to a gain of 0.0001 or less and white corresponds to a gain of 10 or more.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Elliptic Filter s-Plane Response (8th Order).svg?width=200 "Log of the absolute value of the gain of an 8th order elliptic filter in [[complex frequency space]] (s = σ + jω) with ε = 0.5, ξ = 1.05 and ω<sub>0</sub> = 1. The white spots are poles and the black spots are zeroes. There are a total of 16 poles and 8 double zeroes. What appears to be a single pole and zero near the transition region is actually four poles and two double zeroes as shown in the expanded view below. In this image, black corresponds to a gain of 0.0001 or less and white corresponds to a gain of 10 or more.")
.svg?width=200 "An expanded view in the transition region of the above image, resolving the four poles and two double zeroes.")
![A low-pass electronic filter realised by an [[RC circuit]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1st Order Lowpass Filter RC.svg?width=200 "A low-pass electronic filter realised by an [[RC circuit]]")
![Coloured and [[neutral-density filter]]s](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Filter-optics-1.jpg?width=200 "Coloured and [[neutral-density filter]]s")
Википедия
In photography and optics, a neutral-density filter, or ND filter, is a filter that reduces or modifies the intensity of all wavelengths, or colors, of light equally, giving no changes in hue of color rendition. It can be a colorless (clear) or grey filter, and is denoted by Wratten number 96. The purpose of a standard photographic neutral-density filter is to reduce the amount of light entering the lens. Doing so allows the photographer to select combinations of aperture, exposure time and sensor sensitivity that would otherwise produce overexposed pictures. This is done to achieve effects such as a shallower depth of field or motion blur of a subject in a wider range of situations and atmospheric conditions.
For example, one might wish to photograph a waterfall at a slow shutter speed to create a deliberate motion-blur effect. The photographer might determine that to obtain the desired effect, a shutter speed of ten seconds was needed. On a very bright day, there might be so much light that even at minimal film speed and a minimal aperture, the ten-second shutter speed would let in too much light, and the photo would be overexposed. In this situation, applying an appropriate neutral-density filter is the equivalent of stopping down one or more additional stops, allowing the slower shutter speed and the desired motion-blur effect.
